Impact of Gut Microbiota Modulation on Autism Related Behavioral Outcomes via Metabolomic and Microbiome-Targeted Therapies

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in social communication and the presence of restricted, repetitive behaviors. Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota plays a crucial role in modulating brain function and behavior through the gut-brain axis, with alterations in microbial composition and metabolomic profiles frequently observed in individuals with ASD. This review explores the impact of gut microbiota modulation on autism-related behavioral outcomes, emphasizing the role of metabolomic alterations and microbiome-targeted therapies. We examine specific microbial taxa and metabolites linked to ASD symptomatology, as well as therapeutic strategies including probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and dietary interventions. Furthermore, the review addresses methodological challenges, inter-individual
variability, and ethical concerns associated with translating microbiome-based interventions into clinical practice. Finally, we highlight the need for integrative omics approaches and longitudinal studies to establish causal relationships and optimize personalized treatment pathways. By advancing our understanding of gut-brain microbiome interactions, this research paves the way for innovative therapeutic modalities aimed at improving behavioral outcomes in ASD.