Leveraging Information and Communication Technology in Distance Learning: Analyzing Challenges and Competence among Adult Learners in Kisarawe District, Tanzania

Abstract

This study examines the impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on distance learning among adult learners in the Kisarawe District, focusing on Open and Distance Learning (ODL) programs. Using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Connectivism Theory as guiding frameworks, the research identifies ICT support services, evaluates the outcomes of ICT integration, explores challenges, and examines the influence of ICT competence on learning processes. A mixed-methods approach was employed, involving 40 participants, incl ding students, facilitators, and coordinators. Findings reveal that ICT tools, such as smartphones, laptops, and educational software, enhance learning accessibility and engagement. However, barriers such as limited infrastructure, inadequate training, and high costs hinder optimal utilization. The study highlights the need for strategic investments in ICT infrastructure, comprehensive digital literacy programs, and robust technical support systems to bridge the digital divide and enhance learning outcomes for adult learners.